Samson T. Jacob

Transcription is a vital process in the expression of genetic information . It is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA, which serves as the protein synthesis template. The process of transcription is complex and involves multiple steps. In this article, we will discuss the process of transcription in detail. The first step in the process of transcription is initiation. During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to a specific site on the DNA known as the promoter region. The promoter region is located near the beginning of the gene and contains specific nucleotide sequences that signal the start of transcription. Once RNA polymerase has bound to the promoter region, it unwinds the DNA double helix. The second step in the process of transcription is elongation. RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template during elongation. As RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand, it adds nucleotides to the growing RNA chain. The nucleotides are added in a s

Proteins known as transcription factors are responsible for initiating the process of a gene's transcription by binding to certain regions of DNA. In most cases, they will attach to the promoter that is located immediately upstream of the gene. The majority of transcription factors fall into one of two categories. Both specific transcription factors and general or basic transcription factors exist. Both general transcription factors, also known as basal transcription factors, and specific transcription factors are included here. Activators stimulate transcription by affiliating themselves with certain DNA sequences in the genome known as "binding sites." These sites are located in close proximity to promoters. After that, RNA polymerase initiates the transcription process by attaching itself to the binding sites. Activators, as opposed to repressors, which are situated in the same DNA region as the promoter, may be placed a significant distance away from the promoter and

The epigenetic landscape of cells is altered by DNA methylation and histone changes, which influences cellular activity. They are important in carcinogenesis and have been shown to interact with genetic modifications to promote cancer growth. Cancer significantly alters the epigenetic landscape (4). This includes alterations in global DNA methylation patterns, chromatin-modifying enzyme expression profiles, and non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation is a modification that involves adding a tiny molecule known as a methyl group to a DNA strand. This can impact how the genes in your DNA function or produce proteins. Several of your body's genes have been methylated in specific locations. This methylation alters their ability to produce proteins and may raise cancer risk. Another essential function of methylation is that it can turn off specific genes. For example, if the BRCA1 gene is methylated in a particular location, the protein required to protect your body from breast and other type

When we speak about epigenetics, we mean how the chemistry of our genes and environment influences our health and happiness. It is a developing scientific field changing our knowledge of how nature influences nurture. Life events such as maternal care, stress adaptability, and early adversity may be imprinted in the chemistry of our DNA at the earliest stages of development. This may affect whether and how our genes release information that will aid in developing our future capacity for health, skills, and resilience. DNA comprises four nucleotide combinations (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine), and each base may have a unique methylation pattern. These methylation patterns are established throughout the development of the human genome and have minor consequences on people's epigenomes. These methylation patterns are then utilized to govern whether or not genes are activated. This is known as epigenetic regulation. During development, gene methylation patterns are particula

The study of how DNA is modified is known as epigenetics. The two main mechanisms are the post-translational modification of amino acids in histone proteins and the covalent modification of DNA . Both of these are critical to comprehending the genetic code. Other mechanisms exist in addition to these two types of changes. X-chromosome inactivation and liquid biopsy are two examples. Epigenetics has many different mechanisms. They, in general, regulate gene expression. This is accomplished through histone protein post-translational modifications, which affect the structure and function of the nucleosome. DNA methylation is a common way to modify DNA. In mammalian cells, it is primarily found in CpG dinucleotides. The DNMT family catalyzes the methylation process. These enzymes recognize specific chromatin sites frequently found at gene promoters. MeCP2 is a gene that directs the recruitment of histone-modifying proteins to methylated CpG sites. This ensures that the CpG is preserved dur

Having an understanding of the mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation can help you understand the way cancer develops and how to treat it. The process of epigenetic regulation involves two things: the modification of chromatin (the genetic material) and the addition of nucleic acids . Both of these processes are important in helping to explain why some people get cancer and why some do not. Molecular studies on the role of MYC in cancer have revealed that it regulates a wide variety of gene programs in normal cells. It is also important in regulating the progression of tumors. Although a causal link between MYC and oncogenic reprogramming is not clear, the results of these studies indicate that MYC plays a critical role in both tumor initiation and growth control. In particular, MYC plays a critical role in maintaining pluripotency and apoptosis. It is also a key player in oncogenic reprogramming. Previous research has shown that MYC plays a central role in the development of bas